How many threads should I run on this machine?

That depends on what you mean by "at the same time." You could have an infinite number of threads executed on the same processor via switching, i.e. executing one line of code from one thread and then switching to another, executing one line of code, and then switching back. The processor mimics "simultaneous execution" by switching back and forth really quickly.

However, most processors are limited on the number of true simultaneous threads they can execute to the number of cores they have, but even that is a bad estimate due to shared resources and hardware.

This is what you want to know

Thread(s) per core:    2

Core(s) per socket:    12

Socket(s):             4

You have 4 CPU sockets, each CPU can have, up to, 12 cores and each core can have two threads.

Your max thread count is, 4 CPU x 12 cores x 2 threads per core, so 12 x 4 x 2 is 96. Therefore the max thread count is 96 and max core count is 48.

1 LCPU = 1 thread

Finally, often we’ll find processors featuring 4 threads, 2 threads per core and things like that. This is simply about the number of execution threads or processing jobs that can be run simultaneously, which is the equivalent of the processing capacity offered by a LCPU. If a processor allows 2 threads per core it means that it is HT. Otherwise, it’s normal for the number of cores to match threads.